Mentuhotep II built his tomb and mortuary complex near the city of Thebes. From that point forward, the city of Thebes would remain a major religious and political center throughout much of Ancient Egyptian history. Under the rule of Mentuhotep II, Thebes became the capital of Egypt. This began the period of the Middle Kingdom. He launched an attack on the north and eventually reunited Egypt under one rule. Around 2000 BC, a powerful leader named Mentuhotep II became king of southern Egypt. The Tenth Dynasty ruled northern Egypt, while the Eleventh Dynasty ruled the south. Print.During the First Intermediate Period, Egypt was divided and in political chaos. " The Technology and Craft Organisation of Kushite Technical Ceramic Production at Meroe and Hamadab, Sudan." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 16 (2017): 34–43. " Symbolic Equids and Kushite State Formation: A Horse Burial at Tombos." Antiquity 92.362 (2018): 383–97. " Human Occupations and Environmental Changes in the Nile Valley During the Holocene: The Case of Kerma in Upper Nubia (Northern Sudan)." Quaternary Science Reviews 130 (2015): 141–54. Honegger, Matthieu, and Martin Williams." Edges of Bronze and Expressions of Masculinity: The Emergence of a Warrior Class at Kerma in Sudan." Antiquity 87.335 (2013): 79–91. " An Assessment of Morphological Criteria for Discriminating Sheep and Goat Mandibles on a Large Prehistoric Archaeological Assemblage (Kerma, Sudan)." Journal of Archaeological Science 38.9 (2011): 2324–39. Gillis, Roz, Louis Chaix, and Jean-Denis Vigne." The Archaeology of Sudan and Nubia." Annual Review of Anthropology 36.1 (2007): 211–28. "Bucrania from the Eastern Cemetery at Kerma (Sudan) and the Practice of Cattle Horn Deformation." Studies in African Archaeology 11 (2012): 189–212. Chaix, Louis, Jérôme Dubosson, and Matthieu Honegger." Entanglement and the Formation of the Ancient Nubian Napatan State." American Anthropologist 118.2 (2016): 284-300. Buzon, Michele R., Stuart Tyson Smith, and Antonio Simonetti.
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